Why Sino-France relationship sink into marsh?
——from a view of interdependence
By :Anarchy du
What’s the heated topics in China is the spreading of economic crisis internal and the spliting of Sino-France relationship external.The world comes to the time that the domestic affairs and foreign affairs not being separated as it been in hundreds years before but deeply interacted due to the globlization expanding and deepgoing in a precedented speed.Not only the relationship of internal and external affairs,but also the relationship between nations,which has being interacted for a long time,that stated the interdependence has dominanted the world.At the begining of Sarkoz announced to meet up DalaoLamo in Poland this month , millions of chinese from large streets and small lanes to internet discussed the topic heatly ,while chinese opposition included the government’s and the masses’ wave to the west of the continent ,the Franch raise the topic in a similar height . One will be confused if he/she compared the firy-hot well Sino-France relationship in Jacques.Chirac’s time to today.
So,why Sino-France relationship sink into marsh?In this paper ,I’ll give a analysis of it from a view of interdependence .
Robert O.Keohane and Joseph S.Nye think that interdependence means the state of being greatly influenced by external power.Interdependence has its own character ,beside the difference of degree ,it can be symmetrical and asymmetrical ,which decided by the actors sensibility and frangibility to the outsiders.The sensibility means nation’s capability to the external influence,while the frangibility means the nation’s strian force .whose two are the basic character of interdependence.
First,the area of Sino-France’s interdependence is narrow .In geopolitical view ,Sino and France has the lower degree of interdependence spontaneously ,what’s more ,EU’s hesitation in removing the military sanction to PRC after 1989 has deeply depressed China .Yet,comparing the cooperate time to fight the Soviet Union in coldwar ,and the time to oppose the monopole in neo-coldwar . Sarkozy’s Americanphile policy disoluted the cooperation basis and only left the interdependence exsisted in economic eara in a sense .So,the interdependence of Sino-France is really narrow in the means of area.Worse still ,such mono economic interdependence is easy to leads the “zero-sum game” in which one gains means another losse .However,in case the interdependence area is broad enough ,may the “non-zero-sum game” appears in which one losses in this area can gains in other area.The conflict usually happen in “zero-sum” game ,especially during in such a crisis which is similar with now.The long exsisted pungent trade and rate problem between China and France getting serious after this term globle-wide econonic crisis duo to the monetary crisis oringe in US,because China got a protifle state as the net outflow in Sino-France trade .Referencing France customs statics ,,France has imported 28,426,088,000 euro goods from China in 2007 comparing barely exported 9,083,109,000euro goods to China .Even nowadays the EU becoming the largest trade partner of China while China be the largest trade partner except the US in the world ,though France still can not expand it’s market proportion because of the fierceful competetion among the developed country.
Second , the interdependence of Sino-France is asymmetrical.China is more sensitive in politics and more frangile in both economy and politics , however , France is less sensitive in politic and more sensitive in economy while less frangile in economy.France has a stronger dependence on China duo to the France is a capital and tachnology abundant country while the developed country market is saturated .Neverthless,a character of this Sino-France relationship deteriorating is the high politics mix with the low politics . Sarkoz use the political strategy,which is to meet with DalaoLamo and to incite the Tibe question , while that is high politics and is the tough corn national interet of China ,to gain the low political economical interet from China .He make a pipe dream that China will give in and concess in trade 、rate、and cooperate with EU in monetary system reform ,against his hope ,China react in a unexpected fierceful way in spite of it’s economy interest ,more over ,it carry out economic sanction to France. All of the above prood that China is very sensitive in politics,which is a reason of the conflict. Now ,China start to change its economy structure from export-led industrial structure to demestic-demand-led industrial structure and to lower its denpendence on the external market including the French and the EU’s,that will weaking Chinese frangility along with the determination of Chinese leaders.Though it needs to face the fact that China still a high export-led industrial structure.Meanwhile,France is more dependent on China ,excepting the 56.7 billion USD contract on airplane 、nuclear power 、subway signed in 2007 when Sarkoz paid a vist to China ,French proportion in China market still low while the long exsist import surplus extended monthly, that made France a more free state at least in perface but is not in fact, because Franch high technology product needs the Chinese huge ande growing market especilly in the crisis .So we see that China give a tough reaction to Sarkozy’s provokcation which is a bright comparation to that monthes ago.
In general,Rome is not biult in one day.Because the narrow interdependence area ,which is tensively in ambivalent economical area ,though it looks like China is more dependent on France but the fact is the other way around.So China choose a counterattact policy .Of course interdependence also means that both sides will losse if they choose noncooperation and we need to point that its France and acurately is Sarkoz needs to take all the responsibility . Therefore , both China and France get hurt from this crisis and it can be predict that the Sino-France relationship will suffer a icy-time ,but we hope that we can get ride of which as soon as possible ,when will be the spring of Sino-France relationship.
In 1929 the Great Depression: Americans at that time,"like ...
2008-11-15 14:23
In 1929 the Great Depression:Americans at that time,"like living like animals...Depression of the situation of the people's livelihood. In 1932,about 200 ...
In 1929 the Great Depression: Americans at that time,"like ...
In 1929 the Great Depression: Americans at that time, "like living like animals"
Records of the history of the United States "and dreams of glory" had wrote: "because millions of people living like animals as before from death." This scenario is described in the United States during the Great Depression of the situation of the people's livelihood.
In 1932, about 200 million Americans wandering around - of which there are more than 250,000 in 16 to 21 years old. These media at the time was known as the Great Depression of the "no one to depend on drifting", air-to-air deal with the tenant farmers; because there is a severe drought for three years, the farmers leave their homes; from a large number of university graduates, young people can not find a job, There are suddenly unemployed middle-aged man with a facial expression of sick babies - those who go every day, of no fixed abode.
Music reminds
Music reminds……
Dark in the night,
listening to the music,
pictures appear in my brain,
one by one,
step by step,
clearer and clearer……
Some are those I familiar with,
maybe some day ago they happened in my life.
However,some are very strange.
I have never seen them before.
Maybe those are what I make up with my imagination while I listening to the music.
………& hellip;……
Suddenly,some very familiar rhythms rush into my ears.
I have heared those long ago.
Memory is activated,sad or happy.
………& hellip;……
Please,don't let me hear those familiar rhythms again.
My heart is too weak to bear the weight of so many memories.
Please stop reminding the sad stories.
My eyes have been so painful that they cannot bear too much tears again.
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Make full use of our eyes
"At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. I f I can get so much pleasure from mere touch,how much more beauty must be revealed by sight. Yet, those who have eyes apparently see little. The panorama of color and action which fills the world is taken for granted."
The above part is from "Three days to see" which was written by Hellen Keller ,a famous blind writer. In fact, Hellen Keller is not a strange for us because her cases of strong spirit are well-know all over the world.And the passage indeed moved a lot of people as well. I read it again and still feel encouraged by it.
Each day is beautiful as long as we'd like to go finding something in beauty . Just as somebody said 'there exsits beauty all around if we seek for seriously by our eyes. 'However, our gift of sight is used only as a mere convenience rather than as a means of adding fullness to life. As we always said, eyes are the windows of hearts. We don't make full use of eyes to catch beauty or something whether which conveys that our heart is not beautiful or not. There always somebody complains how hard or dull the life is. At the same time, others serve life as a enjoyable stuff from which they could gain happiness as well as feel the richfullness each day.
Moreover, every moment is different and much better than the one before. For in future day we don't know what will happen and we expect in all kinds of possiblities as we like. And then we can test them when the new day comes, from which we may get amused or sad. However, no matter what happened , it will make us feel fresh and surprised. Is it enough yet?
The point is to let us not forget how to make full use of our eyes. They are the best tool for helping us to be able to aquire what we need. Hellen keller said, 'It is human perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not.' In other words, we won't have any regret and sorrow before we lost what we had. But it is too late that you really lost something you had by accident. Tons of cases like that happened or are happening around us every day. So please let us learn to cherish what we possess as well as make full use of our gift sight.
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The Scent of a Man
In the most recent issue of Nature Genetics scientists look at the link between women's preference for the odors men give off and a group of genes called the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) - which are an important part of the body's immune response.
A group of 49 women were asked to smell 10 boxes which contained pieces of T-shirts that had either been worn by men or contained a familiar household odor such as bleach or clove.
The men who had worn the T-shirts were selected based on their MHC genes, and were told to sleep in the shirt for two consecutive nights while avoiding other scents entirely, such as colognes and even contact with other people.
The women were then asked to rate each scent based on their familiarity, intensity, pleasantness, and spiciness, as well as choose the one odor which they would choose if they had to smell it all the time.
"A clear pattern emerged," said Dr. Carole Ober, co-author of the study and a geneticist at the University of Chicago. "The women did not choose scents of men with genes totally similar to their own, or totally dissimilar to their own. They chose men with an intermediate level of difference."
"The real surprising thing is that there was something special about paternally from one's father inherited genes," said Wayne Potts, an expert in the area of MHC research at the University of Utah.
Moreover, the women showed no preference for odors from men with the same gene types as their mothers, but did show a preference for odors from men who shared genes they inherited from their fathers.
Experts believe there are two major reasons for preferring a mate with different genes than your own. The first is that parents with more diverse MHC genes will give rise to offspring with better immune systems, and the second is that by avoiding mates who have very similar MHC types, you also avoid inbreeding.
In fact, previous studies have shown that married people tend to have different types of genes than their spouse.
At the same time, however, the propensity to choose someone with slightly similar genes can also avoid the problem of outbreeding - the mixing of genes that are too different.
"The best is in the middle range and no one knew that before," said Martha McClintock, co-author of the study and a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago，"Everybody always says different is better, well you get different, different, different, and then it becomes a point where it's no longer better."
Potts cautions that choosing an odor from within a box may not represent what actually happens in the real world when women are attracted to their mates.
"It's the wrong emphasis to say that this means that they're going to prefer MHC similar males when it comes to mating," said Potts. "There is other social context."
"That is one of the molecular missing links," said Potts. "We don't know exactly what the odorants are."
Potts explains that one hypothesis is linked to the ability of MHC molecules to stick to very specific pieces of protein in cells. These MHC molecules and the proteins stuck to them are what is believed to be detected as an odor.
Whatever the mechanism, this study disproves the assumption that humans have a poorly developed sense of smell.
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Looking for attractive people? Don't go to Philly
Philadelphia is home to the least attractive people in the United States, a survey of visitors and residents showed last week.
The city of more than 1.5 million people was also found to be among the least stylish, least active, least friendly and least worldly, according to the "America's Favourite Cities" survey by Travel & Leisure magazine and CNN.
About 60,000 people responded to the online survey -- at www.travelandleisure.com -- which ranked 25 cities in categories including shopping, food, culture, and cityscape, said Amy Farley, senior editor at the magazine.
For unattractiveness, Philadelphia just beat out Washington DC and Dallas/Fort Worth for the bottom spot. Miami and San Diego are home to the most attractive people, the poll found.
But Farley pointed out the results don't mean people in Philadelphia are ugly or the city is a bad place to visit.
"We were asking people to vote on attractiveness, not unattractiveness. Travel & Leisure editors believe there are a lot of attractive people in Philadelphia," she said.
"The relative attractiveness of its residents is only a minuscule factor in evaluating a city's merit."
Philadelphians' self-esteem has been undermined by national surveys showing they are among the fattest people in the United States. The American Obesity Association ranked the city in the top 10 for overweight people every year between 2000 and 2005.
And sporting pride in a city known for the fierce loyalty of its fans has been hurt by not having had a national champion since the 76ers won the National Basketball Association title in 1983.
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